{"id":667,"date":"2008-06-02T00:37:32","date_gmt":"2008-06-01T22:37:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/?p=667"},"modified":"2025-04-17T00:08:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T22:08:51","slug":"atina-according-to-ferdinando-pistilli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/en\/history-2\/atina-according-to-ferdinando-pistilli\/","title":{"rendered":"Atina according to Ferdinando Pistilli"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una \u00e8 questa delle pi\u00f9 antiche Citt\u00e0 dell’Italia, che oggi esistono. Tale la chiama Virgil<\/strong> (1) e tale vien detta da Marziale<\/strong> nelle sue descrizioni (2) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mari, quietoe cultor, et comes vitae,
Quo cive prisca gloriatur Atina.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da queste testimonianze, e da altre simili disse il Biondo Atina urbs vetustissima<\/em> (3). La sua fondazione si richiama da un Re detto Saturno (4), chiunque egli sia: Hanc (Atinam) Rex Saturnus… post Civitatis Sipontinoe constructionem, secundam in toto Occidente condidit, atque Atinam appellavit<\/em>. Quest’antica tradizione viene sostenuta da alcuni monumenti. L’Impresa della Citt\u00e0 d\u00e0 un vecchio di bassorilievo, che nella sinistra tiene un mazzetto di grano e nell’altra una falce. Egli \u00e8 Saturno Saturnus… pingebatur, ut homo senex… prolixa barba… tecto capite… qui una manu, scilicet dextra falcem tenebat<\/em> (5). Donde ebbe il nome di falcifero: Saturnus Caspius adiecit… falces foenarias, ob quod solus vendicavit sibi nomen falciferum (6).<\/em> Quindi cant\u00f2 Virgil<\/strong> (7):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vitisator curvam servans sub imagine falcem
Saturnusque senex,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

The same also wrote Macrobius (8) ec.
In addition to this, it should be noted that within the City there was the tomb (a)<\/strong> of the same. The sepulchral stone still exists, as reported by Muratori p. CCXCVI:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

OBSA
P
SATVR
SEM.P<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

OBSA
P
DEORV
SEM.R<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The two epithets of Half-father<\/em>, and of Semir\u00e9<\/em> are proper to Saturn (9). Then for his good qualities deified (b)<\/strong> by Kindness was worshipped there in a magnificent Temple, now consecrated to the Mother of God; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sub Antonini Caracallae Imperatoris temporibus dedicatum est in Atina Forum eiusdem Antonini, non longe ab Amphitheatro, magnis lapidibus, et politis marmoribus: juxta quod Forum situm est et Templum Saturni, ante cujus fores aquaeductus (c)<\/strong> distenditur, variis operibus insignitum, habens idola septem, et septem absidas in quibus posita erant<\/em> (10). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of today's City of Atina<\/strong> lies on the ruins of the ancient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(a)<\/strong> Proved, that the sepulchre of Saturn<\/strong> was in Atina<\/strong>, Some will say that Fr. Clavelli's authority on p. 3o is strange; since it supports the sepulchre of Saturn<\/strong> in Arpino. But if one looks at the veneration that the idolaters had for their king and master Saturn, he will agree with me that not only Harpinus wanted relics of him, but other places that had their origin and government from him, as long as it was nothing else. Saturn<\/strong>, who at another time had ruled in Atina<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b)<\/strong> Tanta... antiquorum hominum traditur fuisse simplicitas, ut advenientes ad se advenas, qui modo consilio, ac sapientia praediti, ad instruendam vitam, formandosque mores aliquid conferentur, quod eorum parentes, atque originem ignorabant, Coelo, et Terra editos non solum ipsi crederent, verum etiam posteris affirmarent.<\/em> Thus M. Aurelius Victorinus speaks of Saturn in c. 1 Orig. Gent. Rom. To this end they placed themselves in the number of the Gods, building them after death and Altars, and Temples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c)<\/strong> Among the other losses in Atina is that of the renowned Acquidotto. It took water three miles outside the city and distributed it to all the neighbourhoods, and was also used to irrigate gardens and fields. Pieces of this canal made of lead have been found in various excavations. Remains of it can be seen at the Rocchetta, along the road leading to the SS. Triuit\u00e0, in the Jordan Valley and in the forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

It rises in the plane of a not unpleasant hill. The crown of the mountains, which seem to make it unhappy, might lead one to believe the opposite. The air is very healthy and therefore the inhabitants are of good health and good blood. Nor is it to be expected that Servio writes about it in Virgil (11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The material grandeur of ancient Atina is also visible today from the remains of the ruined walls. The circuit of the first wall gives a surprising extent. It begins at the bridge, now ruined by the floods; it turns towards the ancient gate, which gives way to the Villa del Peschio, and to the hill known as Colle de\u2019 Monumenti (Monument Hill) towards the ancient sepulchres, which stand there (1o). The same wall encircled the City with the Gate towards the Molarini River; leaving the bank of this stretched so far, that it gave the fourth Door called 'Porta del Sacco<\/strong>, which corresponded to the Knights\u2019 Headquarters<\/strong>. He then went on the mountain known as S John<\/strong> at Jordan Valley<\/strong>, where the fifth gate was and today the road, which leads to the Monistero de\u2019 Zoccolanti<\/strong>, which were previously inhabited by the Cassinese. The same gate was towards the same valley on the road of Gate<\/strong>, a narrow road (d) and well annoying. The seventh gate is finally observed, following the same wall above the ascent of the Tower to the Campo della Fontana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They embellished the City of Atina<\/strong> the vast Temples, raised to the different Deities worshipped by the Gentiles. They are recalled by the Chronicle of Atina<\/strong> that of Saturn mentioned forwards, those of Janus (e)<\/strong>, of Diana, of Jupiter, of Juno etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(d)<\/strong> It is such a naturally arranged path that Ladislaus, undone by the Angevins, with the relics of his troops, faced the victorious army there, to the point of driving it back: Ludovicus... ad nostrum Cancellum, ut inde exercitum traduceret, accessit; sed quia Ladislaus hunc aditum optime etiam munierat, et pauci transitum multis impedire poterant, cum per vallem valde arctam 4ooo pass. longitudinis altis montibus sectam natura, coeno, atque lapidibus impeditam, transeundum esset, ne copias periculo committeret, recessit, et Regnum dimisit.<\/em> Palombo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(e)<\/strong> The Temple of Janus<\/strong> gave its name to the Selva piana, today Settignana: In the Villa<\/em>, read in the Atinese Chronicle<\/strong>, quae sept. Jani vocabatur, non longe a Civitate, in qua idolum aureum, et argenteum eiusdem colebatur Jani.<\/em> Nearby is said to be the Villa, where he rested Cicero<\/strong> in leaving for the exile he mentions Valerius Maximus<\/strong> Lib.I c. 5 saying: Urbe pulsus M. Cicero cum in Villa quadam campi Atinatis diversaretur etc<\/em>. And Cicero himself mentions this in Lib I 28 de Divin. : Cum in alla fuga, he tells us, nobis gloriosa, Patriae calamitosa, in Villa quadam Campi Atinatis manerem etc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

That of Diana, today consecrated to St Silvester, was erected by the Emperor Hadrian: Adrianus Imperator Atinam veniens, Templum Dianae continuo fecit in eo loco, ubi balnea dicebantur Imperialia, non longe ab Amphitheatro contra meridianam plagam, subtus viam Aquaeductus (Ib)<\/em>. There were still magnificent public buildings, such as the amphitheatre built in the latest good taste of Roman architecture, the Piazza Antoniana, and the Baths with a magnificent palace on the hill near the Church of St. Angelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This material delineation of the city somehow demonstrates the ancient power of Atina and that reasonably Pliny (12)<\/strong> praised its power together with Virgil (13)<\/strong> and others. It was precisely this confidence in their strength that often led them to join forces with the neighbouring Samnites, so that the fate of that rebellious people often followed. In fact, the Romans avenged the affront and disgrace suffered in 433 by Rome in the Valley of Caudio, and Atina was reduced in punishment to a prefecture. It ceased to have its own laws and the power to elect magistrates and began to be governed by Roman praetors or prefects elected by them. (14)<\/strong>. In such a state she lasted in Cicero's time, as he himself attests. (15)<\/strong>: Hic<\/em>, he says of Planco, est \u00e8 Proefectura Atinati... Hujus Proefectura, plena virorum fortissimorum, sic ut nulla tota Italia frequentior dici possit.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few years later he returned Atina<\/strong> to throw off the yoke of the Romans, linking up again with the\u2019 Samnites<\/strong>. But in 441 she was reduced to her duty by the Consul Junius<\/strong>: Adjiciunt Atinam, et Calatiam ab eodem<\/em> (Junio) captas<\/em> (16). Not long afterwards, Atina was reunited with the Samnites. Onde Sp. Carvilio<\/strong> having taken to the siege of Comino<\/strong> in 46o, destroyed by then, and ruined his fields (17)<\/strong>. Under Nero<\/strong> read Cologne, which he wanted to be deduced there: Atina, muro ducta Colonia: duxit Nero Claudius Caesar<\/em> (18)<\/strong>. In this state of friendship with the Romans, the martial spirit of the City of Atina<\/strong>. In fact, the virtues and valour of the Athenians, shown in the Charges and in the expeditions against the enemies of the Roman Republic, moved the Senate to declare their City Municipality. There is, however, a tombstone in Atina reported by Muratori p. MCII:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q. HERIO. Q. F. TER. OCTAVIUS. IVSTO
PATRIOT. MVNICIPI. FLAM. DIVI.
TRAIANI. AED. II VIR. II
QVINQ. Q. II. OB MERITA. EIVS
ATINATES. DEC. AVG. ARKANI. VI. VIR.
PLEBS. VTRIUSQVE. SEXVS. EX
REDITV. PECVVNIAE. LEGATAE
SIBI
L. D. D. D<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We find no significant events in Atina in the lower centuries. Only at the beginning of the fifth century, or in the 42nd, do we hear with horror the total destruction of the city by Arcadio<\/strong>. These are the words of the Chronicle of Atina<\/strong>, which recounts the massacre: Quod<\/em> (f)<\/strong> cum Imperator audisset, paravit exercitum valde terribilem... Cum fuissent ingressi, omnes, quos inveniebant trucidabant... Cives siguidem partim gladio corvuentes, partim fuga evaserunt; quosdam vero duxere captivos. Imperator vero deputatis fossoribus, omnia moenia, et muros Civitatis pariter dirui fecit... Civitas vero cd solum redacta multis temporibus mansit inculta<\/em> (1o)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(f)<\/strong> The aforementioned Chronicle, which at that time dominated in Atina<\/strong> the son of the\u2019Emperor Arcadius<\/strong> and that because of an insult committed by him against a respectable family, the whole city rose up and slaughtered him, whereupon the Emperor, in a rage, burnt the rebellious city to the ground. This untrue tale is opposed by the\u2019Ughelli<\/strong> declaring it a fairy tale. For he says, that the\u2019Emperor Arcadius<\/strong> had the only Theodosius<\/strong>, who succeeded his father in 4o8, and reigned with Honorius<\/strong>, e Valentinian<\/strong> until 449, at which time he passed on to the next life. Ital. Sacr. Ep. Atin.<\/em> Hence everything else will have been the reason for this ruin of Atina<\/strong> as can be seen from the evidence of such an anachronism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

And so the City of Atina<\/strong>, until, at the end of the 5th century, the citizens, who had been scattered here and there, gathered together and rebuilt the city from the ground up: In the time of Emperor Leo, the citizens of Atina, returning after the destruction wrought by Emperor Arcadius, rebuilt the same city<\/em> (Ibid.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The other two ruins were similar to the previous one: Atina<\/strong>, provided by Duke of Benevento Zottone<\/strong> in 587 and 630. Such was the massacre of the citizens in the latter year that not even the Bishop of Luogo Felice himself was spared (ibid.). Atina soon set about recovering from the damage, for in 626 she was sent the Bishop Gaudentius<\/strong> from Pope Honorius<\/strong>. Here is Atina under the Duke of Benevento. In 723, he was Gisulfo<\/strong> son of Liutprand, King of the Lombards<\/strong>, following whose death in 758, his successor Arechi<\/strong> he acquired the title of Prince. In 900, the Duchy of Benevento having united with that of Capua, Atina followed suit. But in 1010, records show that under the rule of the\u2019 The Counts of Marsi<\/strong> (19). Then, in 1994, he moved to the one at The Dukes of Aquino<\/strong> (2o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The year 1191 Emperor Arrigo VI<\/strong> After setting Arce alight, he marched on Atina to bring it under his control, which he indeed succeeded in doing. But he had barely left there when, due to the diseases that were ravaging his army, Riccardo, Count of Carinola<\/strong> In the name of his monarch, he recaptured this city and other territories conquered by Henry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(g)<\/strong> There is no doubt that Atina was once a bishopric. Indeed, reference is made to the time of the first Bishop San Marco Galileo<\/strong> ever since the time of Saint Peter, as recorded in the Roman Martyrology for 28 April. It is also certain that it remained there for centuries, until Pope Innocent III<\/strong> It was abolished and reduced to a provostship. Baudrand<\/em>; or roughly the time it takes to Eugene III<\/strong>, according to the\u2019Ughelli<\/strong> Italian: Sacr.<\/em> Finally, in 1698, it was declared a commendam in the bishopric of Aquino. Tauleri Historical Museum of Athens<\/em>. However, on 28 September 1790, it was declared to be under Royal Patronage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una \u00e8 questa delle pi\u00f9 antiche Citt\u00e0 dell’Italia, che oggi esistono. Tale la chiama Virgilio (1) e tale vien detta da Marziale nelle sue descrizioni (2) Mari, quietoe cultor, et comes vitae,Quo cive prisca gloriatur Atina. Da queste testimonianze, e da altre simili disse il Biondo Atina urbs vetustissima (3). La sua fondazione si richiama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-storia"],"yoast_head":"\nAtina secondo Ferdinando Pistilli - Visit Atina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/en\/history-2\/atina-according-to-ferdinando-pistilli\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/storia\/atina-secondo-ferdinando-pistilli\/2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Atina secondo Ferdinando Pistilli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una \u00e8 questa delle pi\u00f9 antiche Citt\u00e0 dell’Italia, che oggi esistono. Tale la chiama Virgilio (1) e tale vien detta da Marziale nelle sue descrizioni (2) Mari, quietoe cultor, et comes vitae,Quo cive prisca gloriatur Atina. Da queste testimonianze, e da altre simili disse il Biondo Atina urbs vetustissima (3). 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