{"id":5160,"date":"2025-10-07T15:45:29","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T13:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/?p=5160"},"modified":"2026-03-04T11:57:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T10:57:53","slug":"premiers-bombardements-sur-atina-et-le-grand-exode-1943-1944","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitatina.com\/fr\/lhistoire\/premiers-bombardements-sur-atina-et-le-grand-exode-1943-1944\/","title":{"rendered":"Premiers bombardements sur Atina et grand exode (1943-1944)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le d\u00e9but de la trag\u00e9die<\/h2>\n

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Le 19 octobre 1943, la guerre est arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 Atina dans toute sa cruelle concr\u00e9tude. Jusqu'\u00e0 ce jour, le grondement des canons et les \u00e9clairs lointains n'\u00e9taient que des \u00e9chos provenant du front de Cassino, mais cette nuit-l\u00e0, le vrombissement d'un avion d\u00e9chira le silence de la vall\u00e9e de Comino. Antonio Nardone, qui habite pr\u00e8s du pont sur la Melfa, est r\u00e9veill\u00e9 en sursaut : une vol\u00e9e de bombes tombe pr\u00e8s de sa maison, faisant trembler la terre. L'une d'elles explose pr\u00e8s de la maison de Giuseppe Dragonetti, sous la route \u201cCosta\u201d ; deux autres touchent la zone de la papeterie Visocchi.<\/p>\n

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Conscients de se trouver dans un endroit strat\u00e9gique, probablement dans la ligne de mire des bombardements alli\u00e9s \u00e0 cause du pont, Antonio et sa famille s'enfuient dans la nuit vers les collines. L'avion survole \u00e0 nouveau la zone, cette fois en direction de Casalvieri, et largue d'autres bombes entre la papeterie et les Guazzoli.
Antonio, pieds nus dans sa fuite, demande \u00e0 son fr\u00e8re Michele de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les chaussures laiss\u00e9es dans la maison. A son retour, il dit avoir vu un grand trou derri\u00e8re l'ancien cin\u00e9ma Melfa : la trace \u00e9vidente d'une bombe qui venait d'exploser. C'est le d\u00e9but de sept longs mois de bombardements sur Atina et ses environs.<\/p>\n

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Les abris et l'exode de la population<\/h2>\n

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D\u00e8s les premiers raids, la population a compris que la ville deviendrait bient\u00f4t invivable. De nombreux citoyens ont cach\u00e9 ce qu'ils ne pouvaient pas emporter : argent, objets de valeur et documents ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9s dans le sous-sol de l'\u00e9glise cath\u00e9drale, avec l'accord et l'aide de l'\u00e9v\u00eaque Arturo Di Cosmo.
Mais la g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 du pasteur ne passe pas inaper\u00e7ue : les Allemands se mettent \u00e0 sa recherche avec l'intention de le pendre, ce qui l'oblige \u00e0 fuir pour sauver sa vie.<\/p>\n

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Atina se vide en quelques jours. Ceux qui n'ont pas pu partir ont trouv\u00e9 refuge dans des grottes et des chalets diss\u00e9min\u00e9s sur les collines, tandis que des groupes de d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9s arrivaient des villages voisins avec l'intention de piller les maisons abandonn\u00e9es : chaises, lits, linge, ustensiles, rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9.
Parmi les \u00e9vacu\u00e9s de la contrada Spineto, le jeune Francesco Sabatini observe les soldats allemands avec des sentiments mitig\u00e9s : de la col\u00e8re face \u00e0 leur violence, mais aussi une certaine admiration pour la discipline et la force physique avec lesquelles ils affrontent le gel matinal, se lavant torse nu \u00e0 la fontaine de Pi\u00e8 le Piagge.<\/p>\n

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Un pays en \u00e9tat de si\u00e8ge<\/h2>\n

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Le bruit des sir\u00e8nes et le fracas des bombes rythment les journ\u00e9es. Les troupes allemandes ont dispers\u00e9 des batteries et des positions tout au long des vall\u00e9es de Melfa et de Mollarino.
Pour \u00e9chapper aux \u00e9claireurs alli\u00e9s, les v\u00e9hicules sont recouverts de feuillage et de branches vertes. Les habitants effray\u00e9s se r\u00e9fugient plusieurs fois par jour dans les caves et les entrep\u00f4ts des familles les plus riches, tandis que les ponts et les routes entre San Biagio Saracinisco, Villa Latina, Atina et Belmonte Castello sont sans cesse touch\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

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L'avocat Roberto Fortuna, contraint par les Allemands d'assumer la fonction de commissaire de la commune, tente de prot\u00e9ger la population en servant de m\u00e9diateur entre les impositions des militaires et les besoins des citoyens, en particulier des paysans.
Mais bient\u00f4t, toute forme d'administration locale dispara\u00eet : les bureaux municipaux ne fonctionnent plus, le comit\u00e9 alimentaire de la ville est dissous et le pain devient une denr\u00e9e rare et pr\u00e9cieuse.<\/p>\n

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Pillages et petits actes d'humanit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

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Au fil des semaines, les Allemands deviennent plus agressifs. Ils pillent le bl\u00e9, l'huile et l'orge dans les maisons des paysans, et r\u00e9quisitionnent m\u00eame la nourriture que les gens transportent. Tout est stock\u00e9 au quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral allemand, install\u00e9 dans les locaux de la Banque de Naples, Via San Nicola, o\u00f9 une partie du butin est vendue \u00e0 la population affam\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

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Pourtant, m\u00eame dans cette horreur, des \u00e9pisodes d'humanit\u00e9 ont fait surface.
Un motocycliste allemand, ivre apr\u00e8s un arr\u00eat dans la cave d'Antonio Leonardi, est tomb\u00e9 dans la rivi\u00e8re Melfa. Ivre et furieux, il frappe \u00e0 la maison des Nardone arm\u00e9, mais il est accueilli et secouru.
Il est parti le lendemain, mais est revenu plusieurs fois pour saluer la famille, apportant des cadeaux de sel, une denr\u00e9e tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cieuse \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

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Les soldats qui ont fait preuve de respect et de serviabilit\u00e9 ne manquent pas. Certains ont aid\u00e9 Antonio Nardone \u00e0 livrer un cochon vendu \u00e0 un parent, en l'escortant le long de la route pour \u00e9viter les r\u00e9quisitions. Des petits gestes qui, au milieu de la brutalit\u00e9 quotidienne, redonnent un fragment d'humanit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

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Les Bartolomucci de Castellone et l'entreprise allemande<\/h2>\n

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Pendant ce temps, \u00e0 Castellone, en dessous de Picinisco, la famille Bartolomucci a connu une autre forme d'occupation. Le docteur Renato Bartolomucci a vu une compagnie allemande de subsistance arriver et s'installer dans sa ferme, ne laissant \u00e0 la famille que sa maison. Il s'agissait de soldats \u00e2g\u00e9s, d'anciens combattants du front, bless\u00e9s pendant la guerre, avec de grands chariots et de puissants chevaux couleur bi\u00e8re.
La m\u00e8re de Renato, qui parlait allemand, a servi d'interpr\u00e8te et a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 gagner la confiance des soldats, obtenant ainsi protection et respect.<\/p>\n

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C'est un mar\u00e9chal, surnomm\u00e9 \u201cSpiss\u201d - le \u201cmeneur\u201d - qui lui conseille de garder les hommes loin de chez eux : le risque d'\u00eatre emmen\u00e9 ou d\u00e9port\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9.
D\u00e8s lors, Renato et son fr\u00e8re Giacinto, ainsi que quelques paysans, se r\u00e9fugient tous les matins dans les bois au-dessus des centrales de Castellone. Ils y passent leurs journ\u00e9es, cach\u00e9s parmi les ch\u00eanes, \u00e0 jouer aux cartes ou \u00e0 lire, tout en assistant, impuissants, aux bombardements qui ravagent Atina et la vall\u00e9e en contrebas.<\/p>\n

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L\u2019inizio della tragedia Il 19 ottobre 1943 la guerra arriv\u00f2 ad Atina in tutta la sua crudele concretezza. Fino a quel giorno il fragore dei cannoni e i bagliori lontani erano solo echi provenienti dal fronte di Cassino, ma quella notte il rombo di un aereo squarci\u00f2 il silenzio della Valle di Comino. Antonio Nardone, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[213],"tags":[1634],"class_list":["post-5160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-storia","tag-seconda-guerra-mondiale"],"yoast_head":"\nPrime bombe su Atina e l\u2019esodo del 1943<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nel 1943 Atina fu colpita dai primi bombardamenti alleati. 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